Internet

The Internet is a vast, global network of interconnected computers and servers that allows for the exchange of information and communication between devices across the world. It is the backbone of modern digital communication and a vital tool that powers a wide range of services such as email, social media, e-commerce, streaming, online education, cloud computing, and much more. The internet has transformed how we live, work, learn, and socialize, making it one of the most significant technological advancements in human history.

Total Lession  : 10
Total Duration  : 100hrs.

Key Components of the Internet:

1. Web Browsers and Websites:

   • A web browser (such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Safari) is software that allows users to access websites and content on the internet. Websites are collections of web pages that contain text, images, videos, and interactive elements.
   • The World Wide Web (WWW) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents (web pages) accessed through the internet using web browsers. The web is just one of the many services provided via the internet.

2. Servers and Clients:

   • Servers are powerful computers that store and serve data to other devices (called clients) on the internet. When you access a website, your browser sends a request to the server hosting that website, and the server responds by sending the requested data (such as a webpage).
   • Clients are devices like computers, smartphones, or tablets that request and receive data from servers. The internet operates on a client-server model, where clients interact with servers to access information.

3. IP Addresses and DNS:

   • Every device connected to the internet is assigned a unique IP address (Internet Protocol address), which helps identify it on the network. IP addresses can be either IPv4 (e.g., 192.168.1.1) or IPv6 (a newer version that allows for more unique addresses).
   • The Domain Name System (DNS) is a system that translates human-readable website addresses (e.g., www.google.com) into IP addresses that computers use to locate each other on the network.

4. Routers and Networks:

   • Routers are devices that direct traffic between different networks, ensuring that data sent over the internet reaches its correct destination. Routers determine the best path for data to travel based on network conditions.
   • The internet itself is made up of countless interconnected networks. Networks can be large, like those of internet service providers (ISPs), or small, like a local network in a home or business.

5. Data Transmission:

   • Data is transmitted over the internet in the form of packets. These packets contain small chunks of data, such as part of a webpage, that are sent from one computer to another across the internet. Routers direct these packets based on their destination IP addresses.
   • Protocols like TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) govern how data is sent, received, and processed over the internet. Other protocols, such as HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and FTP (File Transfer Protocol), help define specific methods for transferring data.

6. Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

   • An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that provides internet access to consumers and businesses. ISPs offer various connection types, such as broadband, fiber-optic, cable, DSL, and satellite, depending on the region and technology available.
   • ISPs connect individual users and organizations to the broader internet infrastructure, facilitating their access to websites, online services, and other resources.

7. Cloud Computing:

   • Cloud computing is a model of computing that relies on remote servers (often hosted by companies like Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud) to store data and run applications. Cloud services are delivered over the internet, allowing users to access software, files, and data from any device with an internet connection.